History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy

	History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications from the first submarine cable of 1850 to the worldwide fiber optic network
Cable Timeline: 2001- by Bill Glover

Click on the Route links to see cable samples, the Company or Operator links for full descriptions, the ship name links to see descriptions or images. Atlantic cables and their connecting systems are highlighted in green.
Year	Route	Manufacturer	Owner or Operator	Cable Ships	Notes	Bandwidth
2001?	CNSFTC: Aberdeen, Scotland to OSP Forties - Everset - Ula	?	CNSFTC (BP)	?	OSP = Offshore Platform (Gas or Oil rig)
2001	HIBERNIA (formerly 360 Atlantic) Ireland - Canada; Canada - USA - UK - Ireland	Tyco SSI	Hibernia Atlantic purchased the system in 2003	Vercors - Iberus - Nordic King - Teneo - Dock Express 20 - Global Mariner - Atlantida	System 12,200 km. Commissioned in 2000 and in service April 2001. Vercors laid segment D3 3293 km
2001	MED NAUTILUS: Catania, Italy - Chania, Crete - Athens, Greece - Istanbul, Turkey - Cyprus - Tel Aviv, Israel: Athens - Haifa: Catania - Tel Aviv	ASN 7000 km.	?	?	System 5648 km with a further 81 km of landline.
2001	AC 2: Bude, England - Bellport, USA	?	Level 3	?	System 6157 km.	640 Gb/s
2001	AJC: Australia - Guam - Japan (2 landings at each)	Ocean Cable Co.	?	Fresnel - Subaru	System 12000 km. Fresnel laid 3500 km. Subaru laid 924 km.	40 + 40 Gb/s. (Upgradeable to 320 + 320 Gb/s)
2001	VSNL Transatlantic: (Formerly TYCO Transatlantic) Avon, USA - Brean, England: Manasquan, USA - Saunton Sands, England	?	VSNL	?	System 12935 km. Landings in UK and USA are linked. Renamed following the takeover of Tyco cables by VSNL.	2.56 Tb/s
2001	TAT 14: Tuckerton - Manasquan, USA - Blaabjerg, Denmark - Norden, Germany - Katwijk, Holland - St Valery en Caux, France - Pentewen - Widemouth Bay, England - Tuckerton, USA	Ocean Cable Co (part)	AT&T - BT - DTAG - KPN - France Telecom	Cable Innovator - Cable Endeavour - Bold Endurance - Wave Sentinel - Subaru - Maersk Recorder - Maersk Forwarder - Sir Eric Sharp - Agile - Teliri - Fresnel - Vercors	System 15428 km. Fresnel laid segments K3 and L 2855 km, of which 324 km was buried. Vercors laid segment G2 3355 km. Subaru laid 5414 km.	16 x 10 Gb/s SDH
2001	FLAG ATLANTIC 1 USA - England - France	ASN 12570 km	Flag Atlantic Ltd	Fresnel	System 14500 km. Includes land based networks. Fresnel laid LAY 1, 550 km of which 20 km was buried. Reliance Infocomm bought the whole FLAG network for $211 million in 2004
2001	Global West Network USA	?	Global Photon	?	System 1350 km.
2001	ARCOS 1- Phase 1: Hollywood, Florida, - Nassau - Cat Island - Crooked Island, Bahamas - Puerto Plata - Punta Cana, Dominican R - San Juan, Puerto Rico	Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke	AAC&R - C&W	?	System 8201 km including Phase 2 (2002)	15 Gb/s SDH with WDM on two repeatered segments.
2001	PAM AM: Panama City, Panama - Punta Carnero, Ecuador - Lurin, Peru - Arica, Chile	?	C&W Panama - Telefonica Del Peru - Entel Chile	?	System 4410 km.	2.5 Gb/s (Upgradeable to 5 Gb/s)
2001	CHINA - USA NETWORK: Bandon, Oregon - San Luis Obispo, California - Tanguisson Point, Guam - Okinawa - Shantou, China - Fangshan, Taiwan - Chongming, China - Pusan, Korea - Chikura, Japan - Bandon, Oregon	ASN - Ocean Cable Co	AT&T - KDD - NTT	Flexservice III - Kuroshio Maru	System 30500 km. Kuroshio Maru laid 744 km	4 x 20 Gb/s
2001	NACS: China - Japan	ASN	Level 3	?	System 3650 km
2001	Cook Strait, New Zealand: Levin, North Island - Nelson, South Island	?	TNZ	?	System 200 km.
2001	AQUALINK: Auckland - Waikato - Taranaki - Manawatu - Wanganui, North Island NZ - Marlborough - Canterbury, South Island NZ	Ericsson	Telstra - Saturn	Searanger (Formerly Highland Fortress)	Highland Fortress was purchased from Gulf Offshore and converted for cable laying on Teesside, UK and renamed Searanger
2001	EAST ASIA CROSSING: Hong Kong - Pa Li, Taiwan - Shindu Ri, Korea - Ajigaura - Shima, Japan - Pa Li, Taiwan - Hong Kong	KDD-SCS main contractor - Ocean Cable Co	?	Bold Endurance - Cable Innovator - Cable Installer - Iris (3) - Vercors	System 19500 km. Iris (3) - Cable Installer carried out route clearance work. Vercors laid segments D, E, F, and BU2 863 km.
2001	APCN 2: Singapore - China - Philippines - Taiwan - Japan - Korea - China - Hong Kong - Malaysia	Ocean Cable Co	?	Cable Retriever - Bold Endurance - Fu Lai - Asean Restorer - Maersk Recorder - Maersk Repeater - Maersk Responder - Maersk Reliance - Subaru - Kuroshio Maru - Cable Installer. Barges, Networker - Elbe - Chin Ann 3	Maersk Recorder laid 1250 km. Subaru 3759 km. Kuroshio Maru 1250 km.	160 Gb/s initially now upgraded to 280 Gb/s.
2001	C2C Chikura - Shima, Japan - Pusan, Korea - Nanhui, China - Tanshui - Fangshan, Taiwan - Hong Kong - Changi, Singapore - Philippines - Chikura, Japan: Hong Kong - Philippines	Ocean Cable Co (Segments 4-5). TYCO	C2C	Fresnel - Maersk Recorder (1674 km)	System 17000 km. Fresnel laid 1600 km of which 1300 km was buried	10 Gb/s
2001	FNAL (FLAG North Asian Loop), Western Leg, Hong Kong - Korea - Japan -	?	FLAG Telecom	?	System 10,000 km including entry below	320 Gb/s upgradeable to 3.8 Tb/s
2001	FNAL: Eastern Leg, Hong Kong - Taiwan - Japan -	?	Level 3	?	See above	320 Gb/s upgradeable to 3.8 Tb/s
2002	ARCOS 1- Phase 2: Hollywood, Florida - Cancun - Cozumel, Mexico - Ladyville, Belize - Puerto Barrio, Guatemala - Puerto Cortes - Trujillo - Puerto Lempira, Honduras - Puerto Cabezas - Bluefields, Nicaragua - Puerto Limon, Costa - Rica - Maria Chiquita, Panama - Ustupo - Cartagena - Rio Hacha, Colombia - Punta Fijo, Venezuela - Willemstad, Curacao - San Juan, Puerto Rico	Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke	Belize Telecom - Antelcom	?	System 8201 km including Phase 1 (2001)	15 Gb/s SDH with WDM on two repeatered segments.
2002	FLAG Pacific 1: Japan - USA - Canada	ASN	Flag Telecom	?
2002	Ar, Gotland - Ut, Sweden	?	AB Stokab	?	System 135 km.
2002	VSNL Northern Europe: (Formerly Tyco NE) Hunmanby, England - Eemshaven, Holland	?	VSNL	?	578 km.	3.84 Tb/s (Maximum capacity)
2002	VSNL Western Europe: (Formerly Tyco WE) Brean, England - Seixal, Portugal: Saunton Sands, England - Sopelana, Spain	?	VSNL	?	System 2265 + 1434 km.	3.84 Tb/s (Maximum capacity)
2002	SAT 3/WASC: Melkbosstrand, South Africa - Luanda, Angola - Libreville, Gabon - Douala, Cameroon - Lagos, Nigeria - Cotonou, Benin - Accra, Ghana - Abidjan, Ivory Coast - Dakar, Senegal - Alta Vista, Gran Canaria - Chipiona, Spain - Sesimbra, Portugal	ASN Calais 14000 km.	Telkom SA - Telefonica - Angola Telekom - Ghana Telecom - Nitel - Gabon PT - Benin PT - Marconi - Sonatel - Camtel - CIT	?	System 14350 km	Phase 1: 20 Gb/s. Phase 2: 40 Gb/s. Maximum 120 Gb/s
2002	ALPAL 2: Algeria - Majorca	Pirelli	Telefonica - France Telecom - APT	Maersk Responder	System 320 km.	4 x 2.5 Gb/s
2002	SAFE: Cape Town - Durban, South Africa - St Paul, Reunion - Baie Jacotet, Mauritius - Cochin, India - Penang, Malaysia	Tycom SCS main contractor	VSNL - France Telecom - Telkom SA	Vercors	System 13500 km. Vercors laid segments S8B, S9B, S10B, 3166 km	Phase 1: 20 Gb/s. Phase 2: 40 Gb/s. Maximum 120 Gb/s
2002	i2i Tuias, Singapore - Chennai, India	?	Network i2i	?	System 3200 km.	10 Gb/s
2002	VSNL Transpacific: Emi, Japan - Nedonna Beach, Oregon: Toyohashi, Japan - Piti, Guam: Hermosa Beach, California, - Twin Rocks, Oregon: Toyohashi, Japan - Twin Rocks, Oregon	Tyco SSI	VSNL	?	System 8338 + 2741 + 2064 + 8652 km. Renamed following takeover of Tyco cables by VSNL.	5.12 Tb/s
2002	Kami Hachiman - Okinoshima, Japan	?	NTT	?
2003	Crozet Islands	CEA	UNO	Rene Descartes	System of hydrophones with satellite link for use by UNO
2003	APOLLO: Bude, England - Long Island, USA: Lannion, France - Manasquan, USA	?	C&W	Ile de Batz - Ile de Brehat - Ile de Sein - Skandi Neptune	System North route 6200 km., 160 repeaters, 35 equalisers. South route 6530 km., 175 repeaters, 35 equalisers. Skandi Neptune laid the European shelf section on the North route 847 km. Ile de Brehat 4400 km main lay on the North route. Ile de Sein European section on the South route 1912 km. The remainder was laid by Ile de Batz	10 Gb/s
2003	Bass Strait 2: Inverloch, Victoria, Australia - Stanley, Tasmania	ASN Calais	Telstra	Ile de Batz	System 240 km.	2.5 Gb/s
2003	ALASKA UNITED WEST Seward, Alaska - Oregon, USA	?	GCI	?	System 2500 km	10 Gb/s
2003	Azores - Madeira	ASN Calais	PTC	Ile de Sein	System 1135 km.	16 x 10 Gb/s SDH
2003	Madeira - Porto Santo	ASN Calais	PTC	Ile de Sein	System 85 km unrepeatered.
2003	FARICE: Funningsfjordur, Faroe Islands - Seydisfjordur, Iceland - Dunnet Bay, Scotland	Pirelli	Farice Ltd - Iceland Telecom Ltd	Pertinacia	System 1400 km.	2 x 10 Gb/s
2003	Meike - Sawada, Japan	?	NTT	Subaru
?	SILK ROUTE Phase 1: Athens, Greece - Padova, Italy: Athens - Crete	Pirelli	?	?	System 1900 km.
?	INDOSAT: East Java - Jakarta - Bandung - Sumatra	Pirelli	?	?	System 1376 km including landlines.
?	Sumatra - Batum	Pirelli			System 345 km.
2004	Breivika, Norway - Hotellneset, Svalbard. 2 cables Segment 1 and 2	Tyco	Owner: Norwegian Space Centre Operator: Telenor	Cable Innovator - Maersk Recorder	System:- Each cable consists of 8 fibre pairs, Only one pair is required at present and only Segment 1 cable is used Segment 2 acting as back up. Segment l:-1375 km with 172 km buried, 20 repeaters. Cable Innovator commenced laying from Breivika on 26 July 2003 and Maersk Recorder from Hotellneset on 21 July 2003. The final splice took place midway between the terminals on 1 August 2003. Segment 2:- 1339 km with 173 km buried, 20 repeaters. Cable Innovator commenced laying from Breivika on 4 August 2003 and Maersk Recorder from Hotellneset on 1 August 2003- The final splice took place midway between the terminals on 13 August 2003. The cable (Segment 1) came into service in January 2004
2004	Breivika, Harstad, Norway. 2 cables Segment 1A and 2A both repeaterless	Tyco	Owner: Norwegian Space Centre Operator: Telenor	Cable Innovator - Maersk Recorder	System Segment 1 A 61 km. Segment 2A 74 km. Both cables are a combination of land and submarine cable, The cable (Segment 1 A) was brought into service in January 2004
2004	UAE - Iran	Pirelli			System 350 km, plus 50 km of landline
2004	TIC: Singapore - Mumbai, India	Tyco	VSNL	Tyco Durable	System 3200 km. Originally a link between Mumbai and Chennai was planned but was not carried out
2004	Doha - Halul, Qatar - Das Island, UAE			Etilsat	System 200 km.
2004	TELAPA: La Gaviota, Las Palmas - El Socorro, Tenerife	?		?	System 130 km.	2 x 10 Gb/s
2004	EASTLINK: Graham Pond, Prince Edward Island - Port Hood, Cape Breton Island, Canada			Ile de Batz	System 54 km., the whole cable being buried. Installation was carried out by IT International Telecom
2004	COGIM: Cable Optique; La Gaspsie - Iles de la Madeleine, Canada	Nexans, Norway		Ile de Batz	System 2 cables, 220 and 216 km. Both cables were buried. Installation was carried out by IT International Telecom
2004	Okinawa Hontou - Myakojima - Ishigakijima, Japan	?	NTT	?
2004	Ventspils, Latvia - Gotland, Sweden	?	Baltcom Fiber SIA - AB Stokab	?	System 175 km.
2005	8 Mile Rock, Grand Bahama - Alice Town, Bimini	Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke		Cable Innovator
2005	Basslink: McGaurans Beach, Victoria - Four Mile Bluff, Tasmania	?	National Grid Australia		System 298 km 400 kV power cable
2005	SEA ME WE 4 France - Singapore	ASN - Fujitsu	Singtel, Singapore - Telekom Malaysia Berhad - CAT Telecom, Thailand - Barti Infotel Ltd., India - VSNL, India - Bangladesh T&T - Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd - Pakistan Telecommunication Co. Ltd. - ETISALAT, UAE - Saudi Telecom Co. - Telecom Egypt - Tunisie Telecom - Algerie Telecom - Telecom Italia Sparkle S.p.A - France Telecom - MCI, UK	Niwa - Descartes	System 20000 km. Melaka, Salun, Cox's Bazar, Colombo, Karachi, Fujairah, Bizerte and Annaba were linked to the main cable by branching units.	1.28 Tb/s
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT S1; Singapore - Melaka, Malaysia - Salun, Thailand - Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh - Chennai, India - Colombo, Sri Lanka - Mumbai, India	Fujitsu 8,000 km and all repeaters	See above	Niwa (Formerly Global Link)	CS Niwa laid the shore ends and carried out burial work at Mumbai	1.28 Tb/s
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT S2; Mumbai, India - Karachi, Pakistan - Fujairah, UAE - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia - Suez, Egypt	ASN 5500 km and all repeaters	See above	Niwa	System 5500 km. Inaugrated 13 December 2005	1.28 Tb/s
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT S3: Landines Suez - Alexandria, Egypt	ASN	See above			1.28 Tb/s
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT 4; Alexandria, Egypt - Palermo, Italy - Bizerte, Tunisia - Annaba, Algeria - Marseille, France	ASN 6500 km cable - Fujitsu all repeaters	See above		System 6500 km	1.28 Tb/s
2005	FALCON: Egypt - Gulf States - India	Alcatel	FLAG TELECOM	?	Oman - India section opened for service December 2005. The remainder September 2006
2005	Med Cable: Marseille, France - Annaba - Algiers, Algeria	?	Med Cable	?	System 1215 km	2 x 10 Gb/s
2006	HUGO: Porthcurno, England - Guernsey - France	ASN	C&W	Tycom Reliance	Porthcurno - Guernsey section laid 3 - 24 July 2006 and Guernsey - France 27 July - 8 August 2006. AHTS Granit carried out route clearance. Cable buried throughout. Cable is a recovered section of the GEMINI South cable laid in 1997.	60 + 55 Gb/s SDH. .
2006	BUS 2: Manasquan, USA - Devonshire, Bermuda	Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd., Southampton.	C&W	?	Part of the GEMINI South cable was recovered and laid over this route	60 + 55 Gb/s SDH. .
2006	VENUS: Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea		University of Victoria, Canada	Wave Venture	System 4 km. Scheme to put the ocean floor on line at www.venus.uvic.ca
2006	Fibralink: Jamaica - Dominican Republic			IT Intrepid	System 800 km
2006	Ocho Rios - Montego Bay, Jamaica			IT Intrepid	System 130 km unrepeatered
2006	APNG 2 Sydney, Australia - Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea	ASN	TelikomPNG - Telstra - Telecom NZ	Ile de Re	System 1800 km. This was part of the PACRIM WEST cable which was withdrawn from service in 2005. Ile de Re first recovered 300 km of cable which was tested and found to be in servicable condition. So the main recovery was undertaken. This started just to the south of Guam to a point off Rockampton, Queensland where the cable was cut. The Sydney end of the cable was then spliced to the recovered cable and Ile de Re headed for Ela Beach, Port Moresby.
2006	Anchorage - Seward - Kenai Peninsula - Kodiak Island, Alaska	ASN	Kenai Kodiak Cable Company	Maersk Defender	Repeaterless cable. Laying commenced July 2006 and was completed by December
2006	Tuticorin, India - Mt Lavinia, Sri Lanka	NEC (Prime Contractor)	Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd, India - Sri Lanka Telecom	Subaru	System 323 km. Initial capacity 40Gbps. Maximum capacity 960Gbps.
2006	Estlink: Helsinki, Finland - Talin, Estonia	?	ABB - Eesti Energia - Latvenergo - Lietuvos Energia - Pohjolan Voima - Helsinki Energia	Sovereign	System: 2 high voltage cables each 77 k,m laid in parallel
2007	MARS: Monterey Accelerated Research System			Global Sentinel	Consists of 52 km of power and fibre optic cable laid in Monterey Bay terminating in a 5 ton node containing earthquakes sensors and low light cameras etc.
2007	Sri Lanka - Male, Maldives	NEC (Prime Contractor)	Dhiraagu (Dhivehi Raajjeyge Gulhun Private Ltd.) - Sri Lanka Telecom	?	System 1100 km., including connections to four other islands
2007	Sovetskaya Gavan, Russia - Ilinskij, Sakhalin Island	?	TransTeleCom	Fu Hai (Formerly Maersk Recorder)	Global Marine Systems and Sino British Submarine Systems carried out the installation
2007	La Gomera - El Hierro, Canary Islands	Tyco Telecommunications	Telefonica de Espaa	Teneo	System 145 km.
2007	Trinidad & Tobago - Curacao	Tyco Telecommunications	Columbus Networks	?	System 1000 km.
2008	HSCS: Hokkaido-Sakahalin Cable System: Hokkaido, Japan - Nevelsk, Sakahalin Island, Russia	?	NTT Com - TransTeleCom	Subaru	System 570 km. Work carried out from July 8 to November 26 2007. Brought into service 3 July 2008	640 Gb/s
2008	Colombia - Jamaica - Florida	Tyco Telecommunications	Columbus Networks	?
2008	Angola Coastal Network	Ericsson	?	?	System 1500 km. Italian company 'Elettra' to lay and bury cable
2008	MATRIX CABLE SYSTEM:- Jakarta - Batam - Pontianak, Indonesia - Singapore	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 1350 km. Route survey completed August 2007. Extension to Perth, Australia to be installed at a later date.
2008	TGN INTRA ASIA: Singapore - Hong Kong - Japan	Tyco Telecommunications	VSNL		Work was to start December 2006 with the cable coming into service late 2007/early 2008
2008	GONDWANA 1: Nouma, New Caledonia - Sydney, Australia	Alcatel	OPT, New Caledonia	Ile de R	Work is scheduled to be completed by Spring 2008
2008	Poindimi - Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia	Alcatel	OPT, New Caledonia	Ile de R	Repeaterless cable. Work is scheduled to be completed by Spring 2008
2008	EAC-PACIFIC: Northern route Japan - USA	?	ASIA NETCOM	?	System 23500 km including two entries below. Scheduled to be completed by July 2008	2.56 Tb/s DWDM
2008	EAC-PACIFIC: Southern route: Philippines - Guam - Hawaii - USA	?	ASIA NETCOM	?		2.56 Tb/s DWDM
2008	EAC-PACIFIC: Philippines - Japan	?	ASIA NETCOM	?		2.56 Tb/s DWDM
2008	TPE (Trans Pacific Express) Nedonna Beach, USA - Chongming & Qingdao, China -Tanshui, Taiwan - Keoje, South Korea	Tyco Telecommunications - Alcatel - NEC Submarine Systems	Verizon Business - China Telecom - China Netcom - China Unicom - Korean Telecom - Chungwa Telecom	Tyco Durable - Ile de Sein - Ile de Batz - Fu Hai - Segero - Cable Innovator	System 18000 km. Work is scheduled to be completed by Autumn 2008	2.56 Tb/s
2008	Australia - Hawaii	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	Telstra	Ile de Sein	Due for completion end 2008	1.28 Tb/s
2008	AAG: ASIA AMERICA GATEWAY: Malaysia - Singapore - Thailand - Brunei - Vietnam - Hong Kong - Philippines - Guam - Hawaii - USA	Alcatel - NEC	Telekom Malaysia - StarHub, Singapore - CAT, Thailand - Brunei Govt. - Telstra, Australia - PLDT, Philippines - PT Telekom, Indonesia - VNPT, Vietnam - Bharti, India - AT&T, USA	?	In the planning stage
2008	SHEFA 2: Scotland - Orkney Islands - Shetland Islands - Faroe Islands	NSW	Xtera	IT Intrepid	System 700 km
2008	DANICE: Denmark - Iceland	?	Farice Inc.	?
2008	GO 1: St Pauls Bay, Malta - Mazara del Vallo, Sicily	Alcatel-Lucent - Elettra	GO	?	Alcatel-Lucent will manufacture the cable. Elettra will carry out route survey and laying
2008	LIBERTY: L'Ancresse Bay, Guernsey - Blackpool Sands, Devon, England	?	?	?	Laying took place 24 April - 30 April 2008.
2008	NORTHERN LIGHTS: Dunnet Bay, Scotland - Skaill, Orkney Islands	?	BT	Sovereign	Laying expected to be carried out June - July 2008. Laying interrupted due to Sovereign having to return to port (Hebburn on Tyne) for engine repairs. Sovereign left port on 19 July following completion of repairs.
2008	GREENLAND CONNECT: Milton, Newfoundland - Nuuk, Greenland: Nuuk - Qaqortoq, Greenland - Landeyarsandur, Iceland	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	Tele Greenland	Maersk Responder assisted by Blue Castor	System 2500 + 2100 km. Contract signed December 2007. Due to open for service 4th quarter 2008	96 x 10 Gb/s
2009	CHALLENGER: Bermuda - USA	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	Cable Co Ltd. - North Rock Communications Ltd	?	System 1445 kms. Due to open for service early 2009. Laying completed September 2008.	Initial capacity 20 Gb/s. Maximum capacity 320 Gb/s
2009	PPC 1: Australia - Papua New Guinea - Guam	Hitachi	PIPE NETWORKS - VSNL		Due for completion 2009	2 fibre pair, 1.92 Tb/s
2009	NEPTUNE: North-East Pacific Time-Series Networked Experiments: Port Alberni - Bamfield - Folger Passage (Node) - ODP 889 (Node) - Middle Valley (Node) - Endeavour (Node) - ODP 1027 (Node) - Barkley Canyon (Node) - Bamfield - Port Alberni	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	University of Victoria, Canada	M/V Frosti carried out the route survey - Ile de Sein laid the cable - Global Sentinel carried out the Post Lay Inspection Burial (PLIB)	System 800 km of power and fibre optic cable in the main loop and two similar spurs to Middle Valley and Endeavour totalling 125 km. Cable laying commenced 23 Aug 2007 and was scheduled to be completed in seven weeks. Nodes to be laid in 2008 and the whole system to be online in 2009
2009	South Africa - Mozambique - Madagascar - Tanzania - Kenya - UAE - India: Kenya - Egypt - Italy		Neotel - SEACOM
2009	TGN INTRA EURASIA: Mumbai, India - Egypt - Paris, France - London, England	?	VSNL	?
2009	I-ME-WE: India - Middle East - Western Europe	?	Bharti Airtel - VSNL, India - PTCL, Pakistan - Etisalat, UAE - STC, Saudi Arabia - Ogero, Lebanon - TE, Egypt - Telecom Italia Sparkle, Italy - France Telecom, France	?	System 14000 km. Due for completion late 2009	3.84 Tb/s
2009	GLO 1; Widemouth Bay, Wales, UK - Vigo, Spain - Dakar, Senegal - Accra, Ghana - Benin - Nigeria		Globacom	Ile de Batz	System 9500 km. UK - Spain section, Ile de Batz carried out route clearance work on 9 May 2007 and commenced laying 10 May completing it on 26 May.
2010	PACIFIC UNITY: Chikura, Japan - Los Angeles, USA	NEC (Prime Contractor) - Tyco Telecommunications	Google - Bharti Airtel Ltd - Global Transit - KDDI - Pacnet - Sing Tel	?	System 10000 km. Contract signed Feb 2008. Due for completion first quarter 2010	960 Gb/s per fibre pair. Total capacity 7.68 Tb/s
2010	FLAG NGN: System 1: India - Malaysia - Singapore - Indonesia - Philippines - Brunei - Vietnam - Hong Kong	Fujitsu	FLAG TELECOM		System 50,000 km including entries below
2010	FLAG NGN: System 2: India - Kenya - Tanzania - Mozambique - South Africa: Madagascar - Mauritius	Fujitsu	FLAG TELECOM
2010	FLAG NGN: System 3: Libya - Lebanon - Cyprus - Greece - Turkey - Malta	Fujitsu	FLAG TELECOM
2010	FLAG NGN: System 4: Japan - China - Hong Kong - USA	Fujitsu	FLAG TELECOM
2010	HONTUA: Tahiti, French Polynesia - Hawaii	?	?	?	System 4650 km plus 305 km for inter island cables.
2010	EIG: Europe India Gateway; UK - Portugal - Gibraltar - Morocco - Monaco - France - Libya - Egypt - Saudi Arabia - Djibouti - Oman - UAE - India	Alcatel-Lucent - Tyco Telecommunications	AT&T - Bharti Airtel - BT - C&W - Djibouti Telecom - Gibtelcom - IAM - Libya PTT - MTN Group - Omantel - UAE PT - Saudi Telecom - Telecom Egypt - Telkom SA - Verizon Business	?	System 15000 km. Due for completion 2nd quarter 2010	3.84 Tb/s DWDM
2010	EASSy: EAST AFRICA SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM: Port Sudan, Sudan - Mitsiwa, Eritrea - Djibouti - Mogadishu, Somalia - Mombasa, Kenya - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Zanzibar - Toliary, Madagascar - Maputo, Mozambique - Mtunzini, South Africa: ? - Comoros - Mayotte	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	WIOCC: West Indian Ocean Cable Company which consists of the telecoms companies in the following countries:- Djibouti - Kenya - Somalia - Uganda - Zanzibar - Burundi - Nigeria - Botswana - Mozambique - Lesotho. Other partners are - Mauritius Telecom - Comoros Telecom - Sudatel, Sudan - MTN Group - Neotel - Telkom, South Africa - Telecom Malagasy - Tanzania Telecoms - Zambia Telecoms - BT, UK - France Telecom - Etisalat, UAE - Bharthi AerTel, India - Saudi Telecom	?	System 10500 km. Construction contract signed March 2007. In service first half of 2010. Landlocked countries; Botswana - Burundi - Central African Republic - Democratic Republic of Congo - Chad - Ethiopia - Lesotho - Malawi - Rwanda - Swaziland - Uganda - Zambia and Zimbabwe; will be linked to the cable via a land based fibre optic network	3 fibre pairs. 3 x 10 Gb/s per fibre pair upgradeable to 32 x 10 Gb/s
2010	MAIN ONE: Phase 1; Portugal - Ghana - Nigeria: Phase 2; Nigeria - Angola - South Africa	Tyco (Cable)	?	?	Due for completion May 2010	2 fibre pair, 1.28 Tb/s

?	Fujaira, UAE - Mombasa, Kenya	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	?	?	Contract just signed
?	India - Gulf States - Africa - Europe	?	VSNL	?	Dates as yet unknown
?	MINERVA	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems			System 500 km. Contract signed February 2007
?	Newfoundland - Nova Scotia	Nexans	?	IT Intrepid	System 800 km. International Telecom to instal the cable.
?	CFX 1	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 2400 km. Contract signed May 2007
?	MIC 1	?	?	?	System 70 km. Contract signed July 2007. Global Marine Systems to instal the cable
?	SEACOM	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 13000 km. Contract signed July 2007
?	COMETA	Nexans	?	?	System 480 km. Contract signed September 2007
?	CAUCASUS ONLINE	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 1100 km. Contract signed September 2007
?	SALP: Seaton Anderson Lake Project			IT Intrepid	System 44 km.Contract signed October 2007. International Telecom to instal the cable.
?	PFOC: Paniola Fibre Optic Cable	?	?	IT Intrepid	System 450 km. Contract signed October 2007. International Telecom to instal the cable
?	ACS: Alaska - Oregon, USA	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 3200 km. Contract signed October 2007
?	Alaska United	NEC	?	?	System 1220 km. Contract signed October 2007
?	SEAK: South East Alaska Fibre Optic System: Will connect Angoon , Hawk Inlet, Juneau, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Sitka and Wrangell to the existing Alaska United West System	?	GCI Communications Corporation	?
?	MENA: Mediterranean	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	?	?	System 3850 km. Contract signed October 2007
?	TEAMS	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	?	?	System 4700 km. Contract signed November 2007
?	TE NORTH: Sidi Kerir, Egypt - Marseille, France	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	Telecom Egypt - France Telecom	?	System 3100 km.
?	Malabo, Bioko Island - Bata, Equatorial Guinea	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks		?	System 280 km.	80 Gb/s
?	Australia - New Zealand	?	Pipe International (Australia) Pty Ltd - Kordia Group Ltd	?	?
?	JAKABARE: Jakarta, Java - Ponitianak, Kalimantan - Batam Island, Indonesia - Singapore	NEC (Main Contractors)	?	?	System 1300 km	160 Gb/s initially, upgradeable to 640 Gb/s.

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Last revised: 1 October, 2008

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